Homeschool groups provide unique and flexible learning environments and opportunities. Gathering as a large group brings questions about including students with disabilities. Because the emphasis of groups is usually community and collaboration, it's important to consider how accessible and accommodating you are to children and adults with disabilities. By understanding the basics of accommodation and relevant legal requirements, you can set your group up to be an environment that’s not only accessible, but welcoming.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Overview

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal law designed to ensure that individuals with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. It applies to businesses that serve the public (also known as public accommodations)  employment, transportation, and more. Homeschool co-ops, depending on their structure and location, may or may not be considered public accommodations under the ADA.

Bookstores, libraries, or rented community centers that host co-op meetings might be classified as public accommodations. If your co-op meets in such locations, you may need to comply with ADA regulations. Churches, private homes, or exclusive clubs that are not open to the public often do not fall under the ADA’s jurisdiction.

If you’re unsure whether the ADA applies to your co-op, it’s wise to consult with a legal expert or your state government’s civil rights division. Being proactive in understanding these guidelines can help your co-op avoid misunderstandings or potential legal issues.

Even if the ADA requirements don’t directly apply to your group, consider how your co-op can be prepared to accommodate individuals who may have specific physical or learning needs. This may not have been on your radar when you set out to create a group, but it is a very meaningful way to serve the families you encounter—families whose unique life experiences can create a richer educational environment for all. Diversity often creates a richer educational environment for all participants.

Developing a Disability Accommodation Policy

When thinking about disability accommodation, be clear about what your group is functionally able to accommodate. Here are some topics that may help guide your group’s approach:

Accessibility

If a child in a wheelchair arrives for class, will your facilities be accessible? For example, does the building have ramps, accessible restrooms, and seating arrangements that accommodate their needs?

Severe allergies 

If a child has a severe peanut allergy, how will your co-op handle it? Will you implement a peanut-free policy, or is it beyond your capacity to monitor this?

Learning disabilities and neurodiversity

How will you support children on the autism spectrum, children with Down syndrome, or children with learning disabilities? Will you give extra time on tests or make exceptions for homework deadlines based on a student’s learning disability? What if a student is twice-gifted? (For example, being on the autism spectrum while also excelling academically.) Consider how to balance accessibility with the practical limits of teaching capacity.

Service dogs

If a member of your co-op has a service dog, it’s important to know how to handle the situation respectfully and in accordance with the law. The ADA outlines clear standards for service animals, which are typically defined as dogs trained to perform specific tasks for individuals with disabilities. These dogs must be allowed in all public spaces where their owners are permitted.

While many service dog advocacy groups provide helpful tips, it’s essential to refer directly to official guidelines, such as those provided by the U.S. Department of Justice or the ADA to ensure that you know what the law actually is.


Your group has the freedom to choose your focus, but it's essential to define your stance upfront so that families know what to expect. Figure out what kind of group you want to be, and then be that group!

FOR CHRISTIAN GROUPS

In addition to legal and ethical considerations, your group may want to think about how Scripture can support your approach to disability accommodations by finding, for example, a few passages on the topic of loving and including all kinds of people.

Special Education Resources

For more information on special education and how to support children with disabilities, resources such as SPED Homeschool offer comprehensive guides and support for families and educators working with children with special needs.

Additionally, local educational organizations (libraries, local counseling centers, educators, etc.) may have resources to support accommodations for students with disabilities.

HSLDA members may find some other resources on our website, including:

Whether your co-op decides to make disability accommodations a cornerstone of your philosophy or not, the key is maintaining transparency with the families considering joining your group. Define your approach clearly and thoughtfully, and then proudly be the group you chose to be!

Disclaimer: This content should not be taken as legal advice, and we encourage you to do your own research and consult with local government resources to ensure compliance with any applicable laws.